What's the execute order of the different parts of a SQL select statement?

SQL SERVER – Logical Query Processing Phases – Order of Statement Execution

1. FROM
2. ON
3. OUTER
4. WHERE
5. GROUP BY
6. CUBE | ROLLUP
7. HAVING
8. SELECT
9. DISTINCT
10 ORDER BY
11. TOP

Here is some references:

http://sqlserverpedia.com/blog/sql-server-bloggers/sql-server-%E2%80%93-logical-query-processing-phases-%E2%80%93-order-of-statement-execution/

good example : on vs where

http://blog.sqlauthority.com/2009/03/15/sql-server-interesting-observation-of-on-clause-on-left-join-how-on-clause-effects-resultset-in-left-join/